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The data below are the 'raw' extracts from the documents and/or papers. Please refer to the last column for the reference and obtain the full text if required. Please also let me know if there are any mistakes here. |
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Russia,
tantalum and niobium production
<also relevant for niobium, tin and beryllium> To manufacture ore concentrates of tantalum, niobium and tin the spodumen beryllium ores are used in a milling factory. After the preparation of the ore (fragmentation and rubbing) the final separation of each mineral is done by the specific techniques. Cassiterite (tin concentrate) is extracted using electromagnetic separation and niobium concentrate is manufactured using chemical extraction. Specific activities (Bq/g): Raw material Spodumen beryllium ore: U-nat 0.59, Ra-226 0.19, Th-232 0.022, Pa-231 0.0014 Products Ta-Nb concentrate: U-nat 960, Ra-226 240, Th-232 12 Deprived Ta-Nb concentrate: U-nat 55, Ra-226 3.7, Th-232 5.2 Ta concentrate: U-nat 0.67, Ra-226 0.004, Th-232 n/d Nb concentrate: U-nat 1.5, Ra-226 0.09, Th-232 n/d Tin concentrate: U-nat 670, Ra-226 110, Th-232 6.7 Tin concentrate of final purification: U-nat 370, Ra-226 89, Th-232 4.4, Pa-231 27.0 Wastes Natural iron: U-nat 110, Ra-226 11, Th-232 2.9 Pomergranate sand: U-nat 120, Ra-226 6.3, Th-232 0.3 Cake: U-nat 370, Ra-226 1.3, Th-232 0.2 Eticke: U-nat 28, Ra-226 48, Th-232 0.7 Smear of the equipment: U-nat 16, Ra-226 3.3, Th-232 0.07 Metal tantalum production Processing of Ta concentrates and wastes from Sn production. Producing potassium fluorotantalate, which is recovered to metal tantalum. >90% of activity transferred to wastes. Specific activities (Bq/g) Raw materials Russian: U-nat 77-152, Ra-226 20-36, Th-232 1.3-8.1, Pa-231 1-18.5, Ac-227 0.5-152 Imported (unspecified): U-nat 22-151, Ra-226 3-23, Th-232 3.1-100, Pa-231 5.2-5.9, Ac-227 89-100 German: U-nat 159, Ra-226 4.8, Th-232 7.4, Pa-231 n/d, Ac-227 137 Australian: U-nat 311, Ra-226 23, Th-232 4.4, Pa-231 12.2, Ac-227 n/d Products Potassium fluorotantalate: U-nat 0.04-0.22, Ra-226 0.02, Th-232 0.02, Pa-231 0.02, Ac-227 0.2-0.3 Niobium hydroxide: U-nat n/d, Ra-226 0.06, Th-232 0.03, Pa-231 0.06, Ac-227 0.04 Wastes Pulp: U-nat 14.1, Ra-226 2.1, Th-232 0.6, Pa-231 0.8, Ac-227 1.3 Ash: U-nat 0.8, Ra-226 0.3, Th-232 0.1, Pa-231 n/d, Ac-227 n/d |
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