The data below are the 'raw' extracts from the documents and/or papers. Please refer to the last column for the reference and obtain the full text if required. Please also let me know if there are any mistakes here. This is the data that I could not classify for any other area and/or relevant summaries.

No	Data
1	Nigeria Major sources of these insiduous radiations include the soil, bricks, tiles, buildings, rocks and sediments. The estimated overall average activities reported by most authors from these sources ranged from about 30Bq/kg to 2000Bq/kg for K-40; about 2Bq/kg to 100Bq/kg for U-238 and about 10Bq/kg to 200Bq/kg for Th-232.	A-02
2	Egypt Building materials commonly used in different locations in Mansoura area. It is found that portland cement is the strongest emanator and graved the weakest among the materials under investigation.	E-02
3	Saudi Arabia A preliminary attempt to identify the possible major sources of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in Saudi Arabia territories due to various activities within the country and in the neighbouring countries. For example, oil and gas extraction and processing is relatively believed to be a source of major concern. In addition, the phosphate industry in Jordan conducted at the phosphate plant, which is located at the Jordanian-Saudi boarder. Also, the waste of ground water treatment plants in some areas is believed to be another significant source of NORM. this paper presents a preliminary study of the possible NORM disposal options on a national scale	A-03
4	Training for Oil and Gas industry An African country, no regulations, no law enforcement, no infrastructure, decontamination facilities, radwaste disposal. Long-term solution - international harmonisation, guidance by IAEA. Short-term solution - compliance with Group regulations, training of workers Group regulations: policy statement on NORM, Limits for dose rate and activity concentrations, Organisations (rad.prot. advisers, supervisors, technicians, Qualification of personnel (training), Measurement and sampling program Training: creating awareness for risks of NORM, protection of workers, public & environment; Diffusion of awareness through the whole company and into society Students - mixed with no background in radiation - two results - rad.prot supervisor, rad.prot. technician (meter reader) Elements - basic general + origin of NORM, detection of NORM, interpretation of measurements, protective measures. Practical - given 'in-house', students can perform measurements in their workplace and directly ask questions concerning their own risks.	V-01
5	NORM summary, Netherlands · Minimal exposure (normal conditions <0.1 mSv/y, unlikely <1 mSv/yr) Thermic phosphorus production - trans-shipment of phosphate ore, storage of phosphate ore and slag Wet phosphoric acid production - trans-shipment of phosphate ore, milling, storage of phosphate ore Fertiliser production - trans-shipment, storage of raw materials and products Fertiliser application - storage and sewing Oil and gas production - occupancy near stored tubings (scales) and containers with sludge Energy production - all work activities Fly-ash industry - all work activities Cement industry - all work activities, except maintenance of furnaces and outlets Mineral sands industry - trans-shipment Coarse ceramic industry - cleaning of chimneys · Small exposure (normal conditions 0.1-1.0 mSv/y, unlikely 1-6 mSv/y) Thermic phosphoric production - sintering plant, phosphor production plant Fertiliser production - milling Cement industry - maintenance of furnaces and outlets Mineral sands industry - storage of raw materials and milled products Fine ceramic industry - storage and application of ZrO2 · Significant exposure (normal 1-6 mSv/y, unlikely 6-20 mSv/yr) Thermic phosphorus production - maintenance and cleansing of contaminated production installations Wet phosphoric acid production - maintenance on Ra-contaminated pipes and vessels Oil and gas production - maintenance of vessels and pipes Mineral sands industry - grinding process Metal scrap branch - unaware exposure to NORM-contaminated scrap metal Aircraft operation	T-06
6	NORM waste summary Data is presented in the following format: Industry --- range of activity concentrations (Bq/g) --- dominating isotope Minerals processing Rare earths --- 10-1000 --- Th (U, Ra) Zr, Hf, Ti, Sn --- 0.3-1000 --- Th (Ra) Alumina --- <0.3-1 --- Th (U, Ra) Cu, Fe --- <0.4 --- Th (U, Ra) Cu, Fe (dust, sludge) --- 0.1-100 --- Pb Oil/gas production Scale --- <0.1-4000 --- Ra Sludge --- <0.1-4 --- Ra (Pb) Oil processing --- <4 --- Ra Phosphate industry Phosphogypsum --- <0.1-2 --- Ra Slag --- <1-3 --- U, Ra Scale --- 1-4000 --- Ra Dust --- 1 --- Pb Coal industry Fly ash --- 0.5 --- Ra	K-04
7	Brazil, tobacco Pb-210 21.3 mBq/g, range 11.9-30.2; Po-210 21.2 mBq/g, range 10.9-27.4 Assuming 10% of Pb and 20% of Po are inhaled and considering the annual production of 5x10E8 kg of cigarettes in Brazil - collective annual committed dose ~1.5x10E4 man.Sv	P-06
8	High background areas China - 5.4 mSv/year Kerala India - up to 32.6 mSv/year Iran - Ramsar near Caspian Sea - about 2 mR/hour, up to 10 mR/hour	S-04
9	Synergism between radiation and other exposure There are important examples of combined exposures shown to lead to health effect risks that differ from those expected from simple addition of the individual e.g. the influence of smoking on radon or asbestos induced lung cancer and on ethanol induces esophageal cancer, respectively. The existing data base on combined effects is rudimentary, mainly descriptive and rarely covers exposure ranges large enough to make direct inferences to present day low dose exposure situations.	B-01
10	Glazed tableware Radon and thoron gas emanation from tableware with ceramic glazes containing elevated uranium levels were measured. Equilibrium has not been established in uranium chain, radon parent Ra-226 is absent. Thorium chain is in equilibrium but low concentrations probably prohibit thoron emanation.	K-07

<<previous   next>>